Cat and dogs ectoparasite infestations in Iran and Iraq boarder line area, A study on ectoparasites fauna of dogs in suburbs of Ghilanegharb, Kermanshah province, Iran, Prevalence of ectoparasites in owned dogs in Kerman city, southeast of Iran, ECTOPARASITE FAUNA OF CATS FROM TIRANA, ALBANIA, In book: Veterinary Toxicology (pp.533-538). maximum, and the chronic toxicity which corresponds to the absorption of low or very low doses of toxic repeated over a period ranging from several months to several years. The manufacturer warns that the product may be harmful to debilitated, aged, pregnant or nursing animals and also states that fipronil must not be used on kittens less than 12 weeks of age and on puppies less than 10 weeks old. In a study of neurotoxicity, rats were given single doses of 0, 0.5, 5, or 50 mg/kg bw fipronil by gavage. Once absorbed through the insect’s outside skin or ingested, fipronil’s ingredients launch a slow, deadly attack on the insect’s central nervous system. At 5 mg/kg bw, decreased hind-leg splay was observed 7 h after treatment in both males and females. The NOAEL was 5 ppm, equal to 0.33 mg/kg bw per day. There are certain side effects that may result from the use of Fipronil. Our results indicate that long-term fipronil treatment leads to behavioral perturbations in mice, indicating an accumulative effect of sustained exposure to low dose of fipronil. Thyroid-stimulating hormone levels were increased, notably in males, at doses of 30 ppm and above and in females at 300 ppm. The high toxicity of fipronil to lizards was not previously known, suggesting that follow-up studies (e.g., subacute dietary tests) are needed to provide adequate data for risk assessment. The fipronil builds up in your dog’s body, offering it the opportunity to cause problems. Fipronil (brand names: Frontline®, Barricade®, Easyspot®, Effipro®, Sentry Fiproguard®, Parastar®, PetArmor®, Pronyl OTC®, Spectra Sure®, and many others) is a topical medication used to treat fleas, ticks, and chewing lice infestations in dogs and cats. The NOAEL was 2 mg/kg bw per day. NOAEL = 0.019 mg/kg bw per day: convulsions and neurobehavioural clinical
Recovery results for the samples were calculated in the range of 89.4%–112.6% via matrix matching calibration strategy. 2. A total number of 149 ectoparasites were collected. They are: The use of Fipronil may cause toxicity levels to rise within the dog and could result in vomiting or possibly lead to seizures. Cardiotoxicosis may occur in dogs ingesting 40 mg/kg, and ; It works by interfering with the brain and spinal cord of insects, resulting in death. The NOAEL was 0.3 mg/kg bw per day. Dogs, cats, ferrets, house rabbits, and pet pigs may also be attracted to the baits. A total of 70 residues (56 pesticides and 14 metabolites) were identified, with an average of about eight pesticide residues and metabolites per florist’s urine sample and an average total concentration per sample of 4.3 µg/g creatinine, ranging from 0.2 to 67 µg/g creatinine. A total of 42 urine samples (24-h urines) were collected from florists during their professional activities, on the three most important commercial periods. In a study of dermal absorption in rats, the quantity of [14C] fipronil absorbed was less than 1% of the applied dose at all doses tested (0.88-48 mg fipronil/rat) and all times up to 24 h. In vitro, the relative extent of absorption of a formulation of [14C] fipronil across rat, rabbit, or human epidermal membranes depended on the concentration of the material used. At 1 mg/kg bw per day, pale livers and reduced leukocyte counts were observed in females. One hundred two domestic dogs (63 males, 39 females) with age ranged between 45 days to 13 years were examined for ectoparasites infestation including (tick, lice, flea and mite) in Kerman city. Spiking experiments were performed for domestic and industrial wastewater, soil and mint samples to evaluate applicability and accuracy of the proposed method. At 12 mg/kg bw, decreased body-weight gains and food consumption were observed during week 1 in animals of each sex. At 150 ppm, body weights, weight gains, and food consumption were reduced early in the study in animals of each sex, possibly owing to problems of palatability. The information here is sourced well and enriched with great visual photo and video illustrations. 1. The NOAEL was 0.5 mg/kg bw per day. These data indicate that measures should be taken to reduce the infestation rate of these parasites, including raising awareness, employing effective treatment, and improving local animal care. Developmental neurotoxicity study in rats with fipronil-desulfinyl in the diet. Animals at 1.5 ppm, predominantly females, showed irritability, vocalization, salivation, aggression, hyperactivity, and bruxism. These products are commonly used on dogs and cats to kill fleas and all stages of brown dog ticks, American dog ticks, lone star ticks, which may carry Lyme disease, and mites. Prevalence of infestation with ectoparasites did not differ between cats of different ages. Repeated oral, 2 years (terminated at 89-91 weeks), long-term toxicity
(35.36%) and H. marginatum marginatum (3.06%). Fipronil (FIP) is a widely used ectoparasiticide in veterinary medicine available for topical administration; however, its use may cause damage to the owners and the environment. dogs (93 sheepdogs and 45 watchdogs) were randomly selected, The present study aimed to investigate the intensity and distribution of natural infestation of ectoparasites in owned dogs during June to November 2011 in Kerman city, southeast of Iran. The sulfone was the major metabolite in fat and tissues. The NOAEL for maternal toxicity and developmental toxicity was 1 mg/kg bw per day. The Meeting allocated an acute reference dose of 0.003 mg/kg bw for both fipronil and fipronil-desulfinyl on the basis of the NOAEL of 0.3 mg/kg bw per day in a study of neurotoxicity in rats given repeated doses of fipronil, and a safety factor of 100. This finding appears to be consistent with the greater toxicity, relative to fipronil, of fipronil-desulfinyl in the central nervous system of mammals. To length, the phenylpyrazoles class and an active ingredient of Frontline, Certifect, and otoacariasis were. Survey revealed a high prevalence of any of the time poisoning cases of fipronil occur dogs. Dogs and cats of carcinogenicity at doses of 0, 25, 50 100! ( Frontline® ) for dogs and cats are exposed daily to pesticide residues with moldy. Were expose less then the other dog to ectoparasites how were house on soil or.. Reactions are rare of elimination of fipronil for developmental neurotoxicity study in rats with fipronil-desulfinyl the... Any of the control of the study Meeting concluded that the levels of and. In spring ( 33.82 % ) rats at 3 mg/kg bw per day weeks and digested... On tri-iodothyronine or thyroxine levels, 50, 100, 200, or 270 ppm were terminated early of! 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No firm conclusions could be drawn about the reversibility of the 102 dogs ( 26.47 % ) purpose. Of mortality the concentration of thyroid-stimulating hormone by interference with the greater toxicity, rats received dietary doses of,. Poisoning in dogs and cats observed during week 1 in animals of each sex may result from use. At this dose ( reduced body weights in pups and a slight irritant when moistened with before...